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>>TUNGSTEN
(W) |
>>About Hafnium
Hafnium is used in iron, titanium, niobium, tantalum, and other metal
alloys.
Small additions of hafnium increase the adherence of protective oxide
scales on nickel based alloys. It improves thereby the corrosion
resistance especially under cyclic temperature conditions that tend to
break oxide scales by inducing thermal stresses between the bulk
material and the oxide layer.
The electronics industry discovered that hafnium-based compound can be
employed in gate insulators in the 45 nm generation of integrated
circuits from Intel, IBM and others.Hafnium oxide-based compounds are
practical high-k dielectrics, allowing reduction of the gate leakage
current which improves performance at such scales.
Due to its heat resistance and its affinity to oxygen and nitrogen,
hafnium is a good scavenger for oxygen and nitrogen in gas-filled and
incandescent lamps. Hafnium is also used as the electrode in plasma
cutting because of its ability to shield electrons into air. |
